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Risk Factors
Alcohol
B Vitamins
Blood Pressure
Cognitive Activity
Diabetes Mellitus
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Reference:
Leibovici, 1999
Cohort:
Eugeria longitudinal study of cognitive aging
Risk Factor:
Alcohol
Average Follow-up Time Detail
Three annual waves of data. All participants in analysis had complete (all 3 waves) data.
Exposure Detail
Non-drinkers (<1/4 litre per day)
Drinkers (
>
1/4 litre per day)
"Information was collected relating to quantity and frequency of tobacco and alcohol consumption using the same short standardized interview as used by Orgogozo et al.
6
in the Bordeaux study with additional questions differentiating past and present consumption. The study interviewers did not have information relating to alcohol and tobacco use."
"Alcohol consumption was almost exclusively of wine so that adjustment for higher alcohol content was not considered necessary."
Ref 6: Orgogozo JM, Dartigues JF, Lafon S. Wine consumption and dementia in the elderly: a prospective community study in the Bordeaux area.
Rev Neurol
1997; 153:185-92.
Ethnicity Detail
Participants all recruited from the South of France. No specific mention of ethnicity or race.
Age Detail
Participants were all 60 and older.
Age was dichotomized into <75 and 75+.
No other mentions of age distribution are made.
Screening and Diagnosis Detail
Screening Method:
DSM IIIR - dementia
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual III - Revised - dementia
Other
AD Diagnosis:
Brain Imaging
DSM IIIR
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual III-Revised
Neurologic examination
Total dementia definition
: Dementia via DSM-III-R "in conjunction with SPECT where available and the results of biological tests".
A proxy screening questionnaire on cognitive function over the past year was sent to everyone over 60 years in each general practice not meeting DSM III criteria for senile dementia in a general practice network in the South of France. The screening instrument is called DECO (Deterioration Cognitive Observee) is based on degree of change in behaviour over the last year as estimated by a proxy who has had at least monthly contact with the subject over the past 3 years.
A computerized neuropsychometric examination, ECO (Examen Cognitif par Ordinateur) was used to assess working memory, verbal and visuospatial secondasy memory, implicit memory, language skills, visuospatial performance, and focused and divided attention.
A standardized neurological examination for the diagnosis of psychogeriatric disorder corresponding to both DSM IIIR and International Classification of Diseases-9th revision criteria was carried out in the 3rd year. A semi-structured diagnostic interview was constructed by the study neurologist based on DSM III criteria and using cognitive assessment methods different from those used within the ECO. The dx of dementia was made by applying the diagnostic algorithm of the DSM IIIR in conjunction with SPECT where available and the results of biological tests.
Covariates & Analysis Detail
Analysis Type:
Logistic regression
No statistical analysis section is presented in manuscript.
AD Covariates:
A
age
E
education